Plant Assessment Form
More Asparagus asparagoides resources
Asparagus asparagoides
Synonyms: Myriophyllum asparagoides, Asparagus medeoloides, Dracaena medeoloides, Elachanthera sewelliae, Luzuriaga sewelliaea, Medeola asparagoides
Common Names: bridal creeper; African Asparagus fern; ornamental Asparagus; smilax Asparagus
Evaluated on: 1/24/05
List committee review date: 08/07/2005
Re-evaluation date:
Evaluator(s)
California Invasive Plant Council
1442A Walnut St. #462, Berkeley, CA 94709
510-843-3902
edbrusati@cal-ipc.org
University of California, Davis
Dept. Plant Sci., Mail Stop 4, Davis, CA 95616
530-754-8715
jmditomaso@ucdavis.edu
List committee members
Jake SiggPeter Warner
Bob Case
John Knapp
Elizabeth Brusati
General Comments
No general comments for this species
Table 2. Criteria, Section, and Overall Scores
Overall Score?
Moderate
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Alert Status?
Alert
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Documentation?
2.5 out of 5
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Score | Documentation | |||
1.1 | ?Impact on abiotic ecosystem processes | B. Moderate | Reviewed Scientific Publication | |
1.2 | ?Impact on plant community | A. Severe | Other Published Material | |
1.3 | ?Impact on higher trophic levels | C. Minor | Observational | |
1.4 | ?Impact on genetic integrity | D. None | Other Published Material | |
2.1 | ?Role of anthropogenic and natural disturbance in establishment | B. Moderate | Reviewed Scientific Publication | |
2.2 | ?Local rate of spread with no management | U. Unknown | ||
2.3 | ?Recent trend in total area infested within state | U. Unknown | ||
2.4 |
?Innate reproductive potential (see Worksheet A) |
A. High | Other Published Material | |
2.5 | ?Potential for human-caused dispersal | B. Moderate | Other Published Material | |
2.6 | ? Potential for natural long-distance dispersal | A. Frequent | Reviewed Scientific Publication | |
2.7 | ?Other regions invaded | A. Invades 3 or more ecological types | Other Published Material | |
3.1 |
?Ecological amplitude/Range (see Worksheet C) |
D. Narrow | Other Published Material | |
3.2 |
?Distribution/Peak frequency (see Worksheet C) |
D. Very low | Observational |
Table 3. Documentation
Scores are explained in the "Criteria for Categorizing Invasive Non-Native Plants that Threaten Wildlands".
Section 1: Impact | |
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Question 1.1 Impact on abiotic ecosystem processes? | B Reviewed Scientific Publication |
Identify ecosystem processes impacted: Dense stems limit light levels (1). Dies back in the summer, leaving a blanket of entwined stems that can be a fire hazard. Sources of information: |
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Question 1.2 Impact on plant community composition, structure, and interactions? |
A Other Published Material |
Identify type of impact or alteration: Outcompetes other vegetation (1). Shoots form a dense canopy which shades shrubs, herbs, and seedlings. The tuber mat forms a thick barrier just below the surface which limits the access of other plants to soil moisture and nutrients. 87% of the plant weight is below ground when it is actively growing (2). Data from Australian literature. No information available from California. It is expected that a similar situation would occur in California if the species became well established. Sources of information: |
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Question 1.3 Impact on higher trophic levels? | C Observational |
Identify type of impact or alteration: Native vegetation germination and dispersal is reduced by A. asparagoides, but no direct evidence on other tropic levels known in California. Displacement of native vegetation has effects on wildlife.. Frugivorous birds disperse A. asparagoides fruits, therefore competing with native vegetation for avian dispersal and germination. Sources of information: Stansbury and Scott 1999 |
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Question 1.4 Impact on genetic integrity? | D Other Published Material |
none No native Asparagus spp. Sources of information: Hickman, J. C. (ed.) 1993. The Jepson Manual, Higher Plants of California. University of California Press. Berkeley, CA enter text here |
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Section 2: Invasiveness | |
Question 2.1 Role of anthropogenic and natural disturbance in establishment? |
U |
Describe role of disturbance: Occurs as a weed along roadsides, waste places, and other disturbed areas near towns. However, it is generally not found in open areas and can tolerate heavy shade (1).Roadsides, gardens, and woodlands have been invaded, as well as extensive areas of crop lands. Undisturbed native habitats are invaded. A. asparagoides can germinate in a wide range of environmental conditions (2). Sources of information: 1. Parsons and Cuthbertson 2001 |
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Question 2.2 Local rate of spread with no management? | U |
Describe rate of spread: Peak spread in Australia was 0.6m/yr of radial spread for patches of 10 square m. In southwest Australia, A. asparagoides has been observed to spread kilometers per year. It is widespread and highly invasive in Australia. No information available in California. Sources of information: 1. Stansbury and Scott 1999. |
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Question 2.3 Recent trend in total area infested within state? | U |
Describe trend: no information Sources of information: |
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Question 2.4 Innate reproductive potential? | A Other Published Material |
Describe key reproductive characteristics: Perennial, erect or climbing herb. Seeds germinate in autumn or early winter. Plants become dormant over the summer. Roots can survive long droughts and resprout when rains come. Reproduces by seed, tuber, and rhizome. Seed is believed to be viable in California. Many seeds are produced per plant, and has a high fecundity. Seed remains persistant for 2-3 years if buried. Bud bank resprouts after disturbance such as fire and mowing. Time to reproductive maturity occurs between 2-3 years. In Australia, seed production occurs for two months. Information based on Australian literature. Sources of information: 1. Parsons, W. T., and E. G. Cuthbertson. 2001. Noxious weeds of Australia. 2nd edition. CSIRO Publishing. Collingwood, VIC, Australia. |
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Question 2.5 Potential for human-caused dispersal? | B Other Published Material |
Identify dispersal mechanisms: Spread by dumped garden refuse (1) or by seeds adhering to animals, clothing, and machinery (2). On Catalina Island, A. asparagoides is commonly seen growing out of holes created by acorn wood peckers in Phoenix palms in the town of Avalon (3). Sources of information: 1. Stansbury and Scott 1999 |
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Question 2.6 Potential for natural long-distance dispersal? | A Reviewed Scientific Publication |
Identify dispersal mechanisms: Dispersed by frugivorous birds (up to 12 km in Australia) (1). Also dispersed by water. In an Australian study, 93% of bridal creeper occurrences were within 500m of drainage or watercourses (2). Rabbits and foxes can eat and disperse fruits and seeds (3). Sources of information: 1. Stansbury, C. D. 2001. Dispersal of the environmental weed Bridal Creeper, Asparagus asparagoides, by Silvereyes, Zosterops lateralis, in south-western Australia. Emu 101(1): 39-45 |
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Question 2.7 Other regions invaded? | A Other Published Material |
Identify other regions: Native to South Africa. Considered a noxious weed in Australia, where it invades coastal vegetation, wet and dry schlerophyll forests, heathlands, mallee shrublands, and riparian areas (1), as well as jarrah forest, and low woodland, and Eucalyptus stands (2). USDA does not list it in any other US state. Sources of information: |
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Section 3: Distribution | |
Question 3.1 Ecological amplitude/Range? | D Other Published Material |
Invades disturbed areas and fields (1) in Alameda, Santa Barbara, and San Diego counties (2). Invades riparian areas in southern California (3). Sources of information: 1. DiTomaso, J., and E. Healy. in prep. Weeds of California and Other Western States. |
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Question 3.2 Distribution/Peak frequency? | D Observational |
Describe distribution: Very uncommon in California. Sources of information: Observational, DiTomaso. |
Worksheet A - Innate reproductive potential
Reaches reproductive maturity in 2 years or less | Yes |
Dense infestations produce >1,000 viable seed per square meter | Unknown |
Populations of this species produce seeds every year. | Yes |
Seed production sustained over 3 or more months within a population annually | No |
Seeds remain viable in soil for three or more years | Unknown |
Viable seed produced with both self-pollination and cross-pollination | Unknown |
Has quickly spreading vegetative structures (rhizomes, roots, etc.) that may root at nodes | Yes |
Fragments easily and fragments can become established elsewhere | Yes |
Resprouts readily when cut, grazed, or burned | Yes |
Total points: | 6 |
Total unknowns: | 3 |
Total score: | A? |
Related traits:
Worksheet B - Arizona Ecological Types is not included here
Worksheet C - California Ecological Types
(sensu Holland 1986)Major Ecological Types | Minor Ecological Types | Code? |
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Marine Systems | marine systems | |
Freshwater and Estuarine | lakes, ponds, reservoirs | |
Aquatic Systems | rivers, streams, canals | |
estuaries | ||
Dunes | coastal | |
desert | ||
interior | ||
Scrub and Chaparral | coastal bluff scrub | |
coastal scrub | ||
Sonoran desert scrub | ||
Mojavean desert scrub (incl. Joshua tree woodland) | ||
Great Basin scrub | ||
chenopod scrub | ||
montane dwarf scrub | ||
Upper Sonoran subshrub scrub | ||
chaparral | ||
Grasslands, Vernal Pools, Meadows, and other Herb Communities | coastal prairie | |
valley and foothill grassland | ||
Great Basin grassland | ||
vernal pool | ||
meadow and seep | ||
alkali playa | ||
pebble plain | ||
Bog and Marsh | bog and fen | |
marsh and swamp | ||
Riparian and Bottomland habitat | riparian forest | |
riparian woodland | D, < 5% | |
riparian scrub (incl.desert washes) | ||
Woodland | cismontane woodland | |
piñon and juniper woodland | ||
Sonoran thorn woodland | ||
Forest | broadleaved upland forest | |
North Coast coniferous forest | ||
closed cone coniferous forest | ||
lower montane coniferous forest | ||
upper montane coniferous forest | ||
subalpine coniferous forest | ||
Alpine Habitats | alpine boulder and rock field | |
alpine dwarf scrub | ||
Amplitude (breadth): | D | |
Distribution (highest score): | D |
Infested Jepson Regions
Click here for a map of Jepson regions
- Central West
- Great Valley
- Northwest
- Southwest
- Sierra Nevada East
- Desert Province
- Mojave Desert
- Sonoran Desert